This panel will explore the future of surgery, building on topics discussed during the conference. After introductory remarks by Dr. Sandler he will moderate a panel discussion with these participants:

• Francisco Miguel Sánchez Margallo MD, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Spain

• Marius George Linguraru, DPhil, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC

• Ferdinando Rodriguez y Baena, PhD, Imperial College, London

• Bill Peine, PhD, Medtronic

• Matthew Oetgen, MD, Children’s National Hospital, United States

• Vasum Peris, MD, Children’s National Hospital, United States